Baltimore

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Historic Baltimore

More than 250 years old, Baltimore retains many visible links with its historic past. Near the Patapsco River are some of the original narrow, crooked streets. Blocks of row houses with gleaming white marble steps are a characteristic of Baltimore. Row houses, many of them dating from the 1800s, account for about half of the dwelling units in the metropolitan area. Lexington Market, an indoor downtown marketplace, has catered to shoppers since 1782.

The many Roman Catholic institutions reflect Maryland's origins as a colony that was established to provide freedom of worship for Catholics, among others. The Basilica of the Assumption (1806-21) was the first Roman Catholic cathedral in the United States; John Carroll, the nation's first archbishop, is buried in the crypt. At the First Unitarian Church (1817), near Mount Vernon Place, William Ellery Channing preached the sermon that defined Unitarian principles in 1819. The Lloyd Street Synagogue (1845) is Maryland's oldest synagogue.

Among Baltimore's many parks is Federal Hill Park, so named because a great celebration there in 1788 marked Maryland's ratification of the United States Constitution. The nation's first railway station, Mount Clare Station, has been converted into the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum. The Old Shot Tower, a structure 234 feet (71 meters) high, was built in 1828 for the manufacture of lead shot.

Baltimore's Washington Monument, built between 1815 and 1840, rises to a height of 178 feet (54 meters) in Mount Vernon Place. Tourist attractions include the house where the writer Edgar Allan Poe lived and worked from 1832 to 1835, Poe's grave, and the birthplace of Babe Ruth. The life and work of Baltimore Sun journalist H.L. Mencken is commemorated in the Mencken Room of the Enoch Pratt Free Library.

Several city monuments commemorate the British attack on the city during the War of 1812. At the harbor, Fort McHenry, a brick stronghold in the shape of a five-pointed star, stood fast through a full day and night of bombardment by British guns on Sept. 13-14, 1814. Francis Scott Key, inspired by the sight of the flag still flying over the fort the next morning, wrote 'The Star-Spangled Banner', which became the national anthem. Much of the fort has been restored as a national monument and historic shrine. The Spangled Banner House, where Mary Young Pickersgill made the flag, is preserved as a museum of the War of 1812.

At Patterson Park are the breastworks and artillery pieces used in the defense of the city, and the Battle Monument honors the Baltimore militiamen who conducted that defense. Also from this period is the frigate Constellation, the first ship commissioned by the United States Navy (1797), moored in the harbor.

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